Mother Hens: The Sunday Times Number One bestselling fiction debut

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Rutayisire, E., Huang, K., Liu, Y. & Tao, F. The mode of delivery affects the diversity and colonization pattern of the gut microbiota during the first year of infants’ life: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol 16, 86, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-016-0498-0 (2016). Fumihito, A; Miyake, T; Sumi, S; Takada, M; Ohno, S; Kondo, N (December 20, 1994), "One subspecies of the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus gallus) suffices as the matriarchic ancestor of all domestic breeds", PNAS, 91 (26): 12505–12509, Bibcode: 1994PNAS...9112505F, doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12505, PMC 45467, PMID 7809067

The answer to this isn’t straightforward. There are two parts to how this is answered, the first is that it depends on the hen. Differential abundance analysis by Analysis of Composition of Microbiomes (ANCOM) was used to identify significantly and differentially abundant genera in each sampling location. Ethics approval and informed consent Campisciano, G., Zanotta, N., Licastro, D., De Seta, F. & Comar, M. In vivo microbiome and associated immune markers: New insights into the pathogenesis of vaginal dysbiosis. Sci Rep 8, 2307, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20649-x (2018).

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Rognes, T., Flouri, T., Nichols, B., Quince, C. & Mahe, F. VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics. PeerJ 4, e2584, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2584 (2016).

The presence and composition of normal microflora in the female reproductive tract have been previously studied in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals 1, 2, 3, 4. The vaginal microbiota of human changes to a Lactobacillus species- or other lactic acid bacteria-dominant community with sexual maturity and becomes less diverse and enriched for Lactobacillus species during pregnancy 5, 6, 7. These changes in the vaginal microbiota are known to maintain a low pH and provide bactericidal substances to prevent pathogen infection and growth. In addition, the microflora of the reproductive tract is transferred to babies during natural delivery, constituting the initial gastrointestinal microbiota of infants 8, 9, which has an important influence on infant development and health 10. Moreover, human studies have demonstrated the presence of microflora in the upper reproductive tract, with higher species diversity and lower frequency of Lactobacillus compared to the vaginal microbiota 11, 12. Although the core microbial features and roles of the microbiota in the upper reproductive tract have not been precisely determined, disruption of its normal composition is related to preterm birth and uterine-related diseases 13, 14. It has also been suggested that the bacterial community initially colonizes the gut of the fetus through the placenta in utero 15, 16. Molino, A.B.; Garcia, E.A.; Berto, D.A.; Pelícia, K.; Silva, A.P.; Vercese, F. (2009). "The Effects of Alternative Forced-Molting Methods on The Performance and Egg Quality of Commercial Layers". Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 11 (2): 109–113. doi: 10.1590/s1516-635x2009000200006. Meleisea, Malama (March 25, 2004). The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders. Cambridge University Press. p.56. ISBN 9780521003544. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016 . Retrieved March 13, 2019– via Google Books. a b Oladokun, Samson; Adewole, Deborah I. (October 1, 2022). "Biomarkers of heat stress and mechanism of heat stress response in Avian species: Current insights and future perspectives from poultry science". Journal of Thermal Biology. 110: 103332. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103332. PMID 36462852. S2CID 252361675.

Did you know that mother hens have the ability to feel their chicks’ pain?

Place the drinker in the run – not in the sleeping area, which can make the bedding damp. Standing it on a tile or a piece of wood helps keep the water clean and prevents the surrounding ground from getting wet. A rooster's crowing is a loud and sometimes shrill call and sends a territorial signal to other roosters. [36] However, roosters may also crow in response to sudden disturbances within their surroundings. She’s like a mother hen; Nominated for caring nature,” Mark Welford, Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England), August 15, 2009; http://www.thefreelibrary.com/She%27s+like+a+mother+hen%3b+Nominated+for+caring+nature-a0205904357. Accessed Feb. 23, 2013). Mother hens get to experience the joy of raising offspring and pass down important skills and knowledge for their survival.