a b "2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The best drinks to give children are water and milk. Children should drink whole milk until they're 2 years old.

a b Esteve-Núñez A, Caballero A, Ramos JL (2001). "Biological degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene". Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65 (3): 335–52, table of contents. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.65.3.335-352.2001. PMC 99030. PMID 11527999. The Eatwell Guide recommends that people should aim to drink 6 to 8 cups or glasses of fluid a day. Water, lower-fat milk and sugar-free drinks, including tea and coffee, all count. a b Brown GI (1998). The Big Bang: a History of Explosives. Sutton Publishing. pp. 151–153. ISBN 978-0-7509-1878-7.a b c d e Pichte J (2012). "Distribution and Fate of Military Explosives and Propellants in Soil: A Review". Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 2012: 1–33. doi: 10.1155/2012/617236. Campbell J (1985). Naval weapons of World War Two. London: Conway Maritime Press. p.100. ISBN 978-0-85177-329-2. TNT is a reactive molecule and is particularly prone to react with reduced components of sediments or photodegradation in the presence of sunlight. TNT is thermodynamically and kinetically capable of reacting with a wide number of components of many environmental systems. This includes wholly abiotic reactants, like hydrogen sulfide, Fe 2+, or microbial communities, both oxic and anoxic and photochemical degradation. [ citation needed]

U.S. Explosive Ordnance, Bureau of Ordnance. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Navy. 1947. p.580. Various methods can be used to detect TNT, including optical and electrochemical sensors and explosive-sniffing dogs. In 2013, researchers from the Indian Institutes of Technology using noble-metal quantum clusters could detect TNT at the sub- zeptomolar (10 −18 mol/m 3) level. [25] Safety and toxicity [ edit ] Wilbrand, J. (1863). "Notiz über Trinitrotoluol". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 128 (2): 178–179. doi: 10.1002/jlac.18631280206. Urbanski T (1964). Chemistry and Technology of Explosives. Vol.1. Pergamon Press. pp.389–91. ISBN 978-0-08-010238-2.Panz K, Miksch K (2012). "Phytoremediation of explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX) by wild-type and transgenic plants". J. Environ. Manage. 113: 85–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.016. PMID 22996005. In industry, TNT is produced in a three-step process. First, toluene is nitrated with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acid to produce mononitrotoluene (MNT). The MNT is separated and then renitrated to dinitrotoluene (DNT). In the final step, the DNT is nitrated to trinitrotoluene (TNT) using an anhydrous mixture of nitric acid and oleum. Nitric acid is consumed by the manufacturing process, but the diluted sulfuric acid can be reconcentrated and reused. After nitration, TNT is stabilized by a process called sulfitation, where the crude TNT is treated with aqueous sodium sulfite solution to remove less stable isomers of TNT and other undesired reaction products. The rinse water from sulfitation is known as red water and is a significant pollutant and waste product of TNT manufacture. [11]

NIST Guide to SI Units - Appendix B8. Factors for Units". February 3, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-02-03. Explosive & Propellant Additives". islandgroup.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04 . Retrieved 2014-06-07.The transformation of TNT is significantly enhanced under anaerobic conditions as well as under highly reducing conditions. TNT transformations in soils can occur both biologically and abiotically. [41] See also: TNT equivalent Cross-sectional view of Oerlikon 20 mm cannon shells (dating from c. 1945) showing color codes for TNT and pentolite fillings Control of nitrogen oxides in feed nitric acid is very important because free nitrogen dioxide can result in oxidation of the methyl group of toluene. This reaction is highly exothermic and carries with it the risk of a runaway reaction leading to an explosion. [ citation needed] The German armed forces adopted it as a filling for artillery shells in 1902. TNT-filled armour-piercing shells would explode after they had penetrated the armour of British capital ships, whereas the British Lyddite-filled shells tended to explode upon striking armour, thus expending much of their energy outside the ship. [8] The British started replacing Lyddite with TNT in 1907. [9] Norman Skentelbery (1975). Arrows to Atom Bombs: A History of the Ordnance Board (2nded.). Ordnance Board. p.99.

Photolysis is a major process that impacts the transformation of energetic compounds. The alteration of a molecule in photolysis occurs by direct absorption of light energy or by the transfer of energy from a photosensitized compound. Phototransformation of TNT "results in the formation of nitrobenzenes, benzaldehydes, azodicarboxylic acids, and nitrophenols, as a result of the oxidation of methyl groups, reduction of nitro groups, and dimer formation." [36] The Tequila and tonic, with the slightly bitter flavor of tonic water and the smokiness of Añejo Tequila mixed with just a whisper of lime and optional simple syrup. I predict this Tequila and tonic is going to be your summer go-to thirst quencher. Grad, Paul (April 2013). "Quantum clusters serve as ultra-sensitive detectors". Chemical Engineering. Ascend Waste and Environment (7 June 2015). The health and environmental impacts of hazardous wastes: Impact Profiles (PDF). awe.gov.au (Report) . Retrieved 22 April 2022.

Glass

One of the few alcopops to survive the great alcopop cull and stagger into the next century. Bravo. Detonation of the 500-ton TNT explosive charge as part of Operation Sailor Hat in 1965. The passing blast-wave left a white water surface behind and a white condensation cloud is visible overhead.