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A man talks on his mobile phone while standing near a conventional telephone box, which stands empty. Enabling technology for mobile phones was first developed in the 1940s but it was not until the mid-1980s that they became widely available. By 2011, it was estimated in Britain that more calls were made using mobile phones than wired devices. [1] In 1991 the first GSM network ( Radiolinja) launched in Finland. In general the frequencies used by 2G systems in Europe were higher than those in the United States, though with some overlap. For example, the 900MHz frequency range was used for both 1G and 2G systems in Europe, so the 1G systems were rapidly closed down to make space for the 2G systems. In the United States, the IS-54 standard was deployed in the same band as AMPS and displaced some of the existing analog channels. Motorola also offered a one-hour desktop charger, though the battery could get quite hot while charging at this accelerated rate. In some cases, this could cause major problems with the battery, occasionally short circuiting it and rendering it unusable. Also, charging the battery at a high enough rate to substantially raise its temperature will cause the battery to wear at an accelerated rate, reducing the number of charge-discharge cycles that can be performed before the battery will need to be replaced. (However, considering the high cost of the DynaTAC, the cost of battery replacement would not typically be a concern to DynaTAC owners.) A basic 2G signal that works for voice calls but not data is still available across much of the UK, though. We’ve specified the maximum network speeds in our roundup. Disney will offer mobile content". Media Week. 20 September 2005. Archived from the original on 2 September 2012 . Retrieved 16 October 2012.

Facts about the Mobile. A Journey through Time" (PDF). Mobilen50ar.se. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2010.In 1958 development began on a similar system for motorists in the USSR. [27] The " Altay" national civil mobile phone service was based on Soviet MRT-1327 standard. The main developers of the Altay system were the Voronezh Science Research Institute of Communications (VNIIS) and the State Specialized Project Institute (GSPI). In 1963 the service started in Moscow, and by 1970 was deployed in 30 cities across the USSR. Versions of the Altay system are still in use today as a trunking system in some parts of Russia. In December 1947, Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young, Bell Labs engineers, proposed hexagonal cells for mobile phones in vehicles. [20] At this stage, the technology to implement these ideas did not exist, nor had the frequencies been allocated. Two decades would pass before Richard H. Frenkiel, Joel S. Engel and Philip T. Porter of Bell Labs expanded the early proposals into a much more detailed system plan. It was Porter who first proposed that the cell towers use the now-familiar directional antennas to reduce interference and increase channel reuse (see picture at right) [21] Porter also invented the dial-then-send method used by all cell phones to reduce wasted channel time. Two names were botched in the original filing; Albert Leitich's surname was erroneously omitted, and Dr. Mikulski's first name was omitted. The original document was refiled by Motorola's legal staff, but has not yet been identified. Farley, Tom (1 January 2006). "Cellular Telephone Basics". Privateline.com. Archived from the original on 5 December 2015 . Retrieved 30 December 2012. While it might be considered extremely unwieldy by modern standards, at the time it was considered revolutionary because mobile telephones were bulky affairs installed in vehicles or in heavy briefcases. The DynaTAC 8000X was 10 inches (25cm) long and weighed 2.5 pounds (1kg). [23] It was truly the first mobile telephone which could connect to the telephone network without the assistance of a mobile operator and could be carried about by the user.

Sager, Ira (29 June 2012). "Before IPhone and Android Came Simon, the First Smartphone". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012 . Retrieved 16 October 2012. The first analog cellular system widely deployed in North America was the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). [15] It was commercially introduced in the Americas on 13 October 1983, Israel in 1986, and Australia in 1987. AMPS was a pioneering technology that helped drive mass market usage of cellular technology, but it had several serious issues by modern standards. It was unencrypted and easily vulnerable to eavesdropping via a scanner; it was susceptible to cell phone "cloning" and it used a Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) scheme and required significant amounts of wireless spectrum to support. Martin Cooper – The Inventor of the Cell Phone". Cellular.co.za. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015 . Retrieved 23 March 2012.

Technophone

Pros seem to outdo cons in new phone charger standard". News.com. 20 September 2007 . Retrieved 26 November 2007. [ permanent dead link] The Top Giants in Telephony". History of the Cell Phone.com. 11 June 2009. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013 . Retrieved 30 December 2012. Agar, Jon (2004). Constant Touch: a Global History of the Mobile Phone. Cambridge: Icon. ISBN 978-1-84046-541-9. Most are in colour, but we have included one with a monochrome interface in our list. Storage space As of 14June2007 [update], all new mobile phones applying for a license in China are required to use a USB port as a power port for battery charging. [57] [58] This was the first standard to use the convention of shorting D+ and D−. [59] OMTP/GSMA Universal Charging Solution [ edit ]

Martin Cooper, et al., "Radio Telephone System", US Patent number 3,906,166; Filing date: 17 October 1973; Issue date: September 1975; Assignee Motorola Lam, Crystal; Liu, Harry (22 October 2007). "How to conform to China's new mobile phone interface standards". EE Times . Retrieved 22 June 2010. A cellular telephone switching plan was described by Fluhr and Nussbaum in 1973, [23] and a cellular telephone data signaling system was described in 1977 by Hachenburg et al. [24] Emergence of automated services [ edit ]

Nokia

von 1900 bis 1999"[from 1900 to 1999]. Deutsches Telefon Museum (in German). 29 December 2007 . Retrieved 28 May 2013. On October 13, 1983, David D. Meilahn placed the first commercial wireless call on a DynaTAC from his 1983 Mercedes-Benz 380SL to Bob Barnett, former president of Ameritech Mobile Communications, who then placed a call on a DynaTAC from inside a Chrysler convertible to the grandson of Alexander Graham Bell, who was in Germany for the event. [12] The call, made at Soldier Field in Chicago, is considered to be a major turning point in communications. Later, Richard H. Frenkiel, the head of system development at Bell Laboratories, said about the DynaTAC: "It was a real triumph; a great breakthrough." [13] Publications [ edit ]

As well as the now-common cellular phone, there is also the very different approach of connecting directly from the handset to an Earth-orbiting satellite. Such mobile phones can be used in remote areas out of reach of wired networks or where construction of a cellular network is uneconomic. While the transmission of speech by signal has a long history, the first devices that were wireless, mobile, and also capable of connecting to the standard telephone network are much more recent. The first such devices were barely portable compared to today's compact hand-held devices, and their use was clumsy. Yapp, Edwin (20 September 2005). "Mobile TV, anyone?". The Star. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006 . Retrieved 16 October 2012.

NEC

memo by Douglas H. Ring proposing hexagonal cells" (PDF). Privateline.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2012 . Retrieved 30 December 2012. One of the key factors in the success of smartphones was the development of mobile operating systems. Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android emerged as dominant players, providing a platform for app developers to create a vast ecosystem of applications that further expanded the capabilities of mobile devices. The Era of Touchscreens and Connectivity to date, perhaps because the design is not so attractive. You see these in beige and grey colours, as Miller, Stephen (20 June 2009). "Motorola Executive Helped spur Cellphone Revolution, Oversaw Ill-fated Iridium Project". The Wall Street Journal. Several models followed, starting in 1985 with the 8000s and continuing with periodic updates of increasing frequency until 1993's Classic II. The DynaTAC was replaced in most roles by the much smaller Motorola MicroTAC when it was first introduced in 1989, and by the time of the Motorola StarTAC's release in 1996, it was obsolete.