The Elven (The Saga of the Elven Book 1)

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Goodrich, Jean N. "Fairy, Elves and the Enchanted Otherworld". In: Handbook of Medieval Culture Volume 1. Edited by Albrecht Classen. Berlin, München, Boston: De Gruyter, 2015. pp. 431-464. https://doi-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1515/9783110267303-022 Shippey, Tom (2001). J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century. HarperCollins. pp.228–231. ISBN 978-0261-10401-3.

Some nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholars attempted to rationalise beliefs in elves as folk memories of lost indigenous peoples. Since belief in supernatural beings is ubiquitous in human cultures, scholars no longer believe such explanations are valid. [24] [25] Research has shown, however, that stories about elves have often been used as a way for people to think metaphorically about real-life ethnic others. [26] [27] [5] Demythologising elves as people with illness or disability Shippey, Tom (2005) [1982]. The Road to Middle-Earth (Thirded.). HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0261102750.Tzeferakos, Georgios A.; Douzenis, Athanasios I. (2017). "Islam, Mental Health and Law: A General Overview". Annals of General Psychiatry. 16: 28. doi: 10.1186/s12991-017-0150-6. PMC 5498891. PMID 28694841. Flieger, Verlyn (2002). Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World (reviseded.). Kent State University Press. p.71. ISBN 978-0873387446. a b Þorgeirsson, Haukur (March 2023). "J. R. R. Tolkien and the Ethnography of the Elves". Notes and Queries. 70 (1): 6–7. doi: 10.1093/notesj/gjad007.

Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi: 10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk. The Kings' sagas include a rather elliptical but widely studied account of an early Swedish king being worshipped after his death and being called Ólafr Geirstaðaálfr ('Ólafr the elf of Geirstaðir'), and a demonic elf at the beginning of Norna-Gests þáttr. [97] The legendary sagas tend to focus on elves as legendary ancestors or on heroes' sexual relations with elf-women. Mention of the land of Álfheimr is found in Heimskringla while Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar recounts a line of local kings who ruled over Álfheim, who since they had elven blood were said to be more beautiful than most men. [98] [99] According to Hrólfs saga kraka, Hrolfr Kraki's half-sister Skuld was the half-elven child of King Helgi and an elf-woman ( álfkona). Skuld was skilled in witchcraft ( seiðr). Accounts of Skuld in earlier sources, however, do not include this material. The Þiðreks saga version of the Nibelungen (Niflungar) describes Högni as the son of a human queen and an elf, but no such lineage is reported in the Eddas, Völsunga saga, or the Nibelungenlied. [100] The relatively few mentions of elves in the chivalric sagas tend even to be whimsical. [101] Henningsen, Gustav (1990), " 'The Ladies from Outside': An Archaic Pattern of the Witches' Sabbath' ", in Ankarloo, Bengt; Henningsen, Gustav (eds.), Early Modern European Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, Oxford University Press, pp.191–215Kuhn, Adalbert (1855). "Die sprachvergleichung und die urgeschichte der indogermanischen völker". Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung. 4. . Grimm, Jacob (1888). "Supplement". Teutonic mythology. Vol.4. Translated by James Steven Stallybrass. pp.1407–1435.

Main article: Christmas elf A person dressed as a Christmas Elf, Virginia, 2016 Illustration of an elf teasing a bird by Richard Doyle Jolly, Karen Louise (1996). Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-2262-3. The English word elf is from the Old English word most often attested as ælf (whose plural would have been * ælfe). Although this word took a variety of forms in different Old English dialects, these converged on the form elf during the Middle English period. [33] During the Old English period, separate forms were used for female elves (such as ælfen, putatively from Proto-Germanic * ɑlβ(i)innjō), but during the Middle English period the word elf routinely came to include female beings. [34] In The Book of Lost Tales, Tolkien includes both more serious "medieval" elves such as Fëanor and Turgon alongside frivolous, Jacobean elves such as the Solosimpi and Tinúviel. [T 4] Tolkien 1977, ch. 20 "Of the Fifth Battle: Nirnaeth Arnoediad". "At the bidding of Turgon Círdan built seven swift ships, and they sailed out into the West"

el·ven

An elf ( pl. elves) is a type of humanoid supernatural being in Germanic folklore. Elves appear especially in North Germanic mythology, being mentioned in the Icelandic Poetic Edda and Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda. Scholars have at times also tried to explain beliefs in elves as being inspired by people suffering certain kinds of illnesses (such as Williams syndrome). [28] Elves were certainly often seen as a cause of illness, and indeed the English word oaf seems to have originated as a form of elf: the word elf came to mean ' changeling left by an elf' and then, because changelings were noted for their failure to thrive, to its modern sense 'a fool, a stupid person; a large, clumsy man or boy'. [29] However, it again seems unlikely that the origin of beliefs in elves itself is to be explained by people's encounters with objectively real people affected by disease. [30] Etymology A chart showing how the sound of the word elf has changed in the history of English [31] [32] In 1937, having had his manuscript for The Silmarillion rejected by a publisher who disparaged all the "eye-splitting Celtic names" that Tolkien had given his Elves, Tolkien denied the names had a Celtic origin: [T 7] a b Gilkeson, Austin (21 December 2018). "Rankin/Bass's The Hobbit Showed Us the Future of Pop Culture". Tor.com . Retrieved 26 October 2023.