The King Over the Water: A Complete History of the Jacobites

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Rather than going immediately to North Britain, he visited his sister Mary, and her husband the Prince of Orange, at Den Haag. Doing so required external help, most consistently supplied by France, while Spain backed the 1719 Rising. Many Presbyterians opposed the establishment of the Episcopal Church in 1712 and other measures of indulgence, while the worst tax riots took place in Glasgow, a town noted for its antipathy to the Stuarts. Jacobitism [c] was a political movement that supported the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the British throne. Whether fighting at Killiecrankie, Prestonpans or Culloden, at Aughrim, Limerick or Fontenoy, or dying on the scaffold at Tyburn or the Tower of London, few men gave their lives for a cause with more conviction.

The heir presumptive would be the present holder's younger brother, Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria (born 1937). The 1701 Act both confirmed these provisions [8] and added to them by clarifying the line of succession should Anne die without surviving issue.

Sophia died a few months before Anne, and Sophia's son, George I, consequently acceded to the British throne on Anne's death in 1714. Representing "pre-industrial paternalism" and "mystical loyalism" against forward-thinking individualism, this conception of Jacobitism was reinforced by Macaulay's stereotype of the typical "Tory-Jacobite squire" as a "bigoted, ignorant, drunken philistine". This led some to depict him as "Séamus an chaca", "James of the shit", who had deserted his loyal followers. In 1642, the Catholic Confederacy representing the Irish insurgents proclaimed allegiance to Charles, but the Stuarts were an unreliable ally, since concessions in Ireland cost them Protestant support in all three kingdoms. One of the most highly regarded popular historians of his generation, he is the author of numerous books, ranging from studies of medieval kings to biographies of Napoleon and Hitler.

The better read might be able to talk about the ‘Glorious Revolution’ and the arrival in 1688 of King William III. This is the first modern history for general readers of the entire Jacobite movement in Scotland, England and Ireland, from the 'Glorious Revolution' of 1688 that drove James II into exile to the death of his grandson, Cardinal Henry, Duke of York, in 1807.Despite Henry's urgings, Clement XIII refused to recognise his brother as Charles III; Charles died of a stroke in Rome in January 1788, a disappointed and embittered man.

On 1 August 1714, Queen Anne died, and as a result of the Act of Settlement of 1701, her second cousin George, Elector of Hannover, became king of Great Britain. During the Irish Rebellion of 1798, headed by the United Irishmen with French support, the Directory suggested making Henry King of the Irish. For their part, the Scots were disillusioned by lack of meaningful English or French support, despite constant assurances of both.Traditional Whig historiography viewed Jacobitism as marginal to the progression towards present-day Parliamentary democracy, taking the view that as it was defeated, it could never have won. Tartan cloth, widely adopted by the Jacobite army in 1745, was used in portraiture as a symbol of Stuart sympathies, even before the Rising. The concept of ‘the divine right of kings’ was shattered again – as it had been before on the battlefield of Naseby in 1645, and on a scaffold in Whitehall in 1649.