Political parties' policies are the ideas they would like to pass into legislation after winning an election and forming a government. St. Thomas Aquinas, 1225–1274 CE: St. Aquinas integrated Aristotle’s concept of people being able to reason with Catholic doctrines.

Those who sat to the right supported the institutions of the monarchist old regime or Ancien Régime. The stronger your opposition to radical change and desire to preserve traditional society, the more you were to the right. Tradition, institutional religion and privatization of economy were considered the core values of the right-wing. Single-member district electoral system:An electoral system in which the person who wins the most votes in a district is elected to office. Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, or just Lenin, 1870–1924: Lenin was a major Russian political theorist who instigated the Russian Revolution and created the Soviet Union in 1922. Lenin’s books Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism and The State and Revolution were published in 1917.Political socialization: The term refers to the process of how people acquire their political values.

If we think about how the UK government is formed, it becomes apparent why each party competes so vigorously to gain seats in the House of Commons. International political economy (IPE): An interdisciplinary approach, incorporating the disciplines of political science and economics and relying on history, sociology, and even anthropology, to study the relationship between states in the international economic arena. A simple explanation of American politics including an overview of US history, the political parties, and the political system. Due in part to the complexity of the world, one view is not always correct all the time, and all views need to be tempered and balanced against each other. Extreme positions of political parties are almost always dangerous. Too much push in any one direction can easily lead to oligarchies. Our founding fathers knew this because this story has often played out in history. The Republic protects against extremism through law although as the American rebels knew, when a government itself has become too extreme itself and no longer represents the people, rebellion is the only choice.In practice, that means that the UK Parliament has passed some of its powers to Senedd Cymru, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Another issue of divergence on gay rights is businesses choosing their customers. For example, a florist in Washington state refused to do the flower arrangement for a gay wedding. She was sued for discrimination. In a situation like this, people on the right generally support the business owner while those on the left support the customers. With the above point in mind, the American political parties have always been broadly represented. Hamilton was a Federalist, today’s Liberal or Conservative. He wanted federal power and a central bank. Jefferson was what we would today call a Socialist or Libertarian, but was in his day called an “anti-Federalist.” He wanted small groups and didn’t want large city-states like we have today. They both wanted a Republic; they just didn’t agree on what type. This means they both had centered views in the grand scheme like any good American politician always does. When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. Cadre party: A decentralized and part-time political party whose major purpose is to win office. The United States has Cadre political parties.

Against voter ID laws citing (a) undue burden on lower income groups causing them to be disenfranchised, and (b) virtually no evidence of voter fraud actually occurring. The great debates: Debates are a great way to see how politicians perform under pressure. By transmitting and analyzing these debates, the media can play a big role in deciding which politicians trump their political opponents.

State capitalism: A modern variant of mercantilism, this economic theory believes that the government has the right and even obligation to intervene in the economy. This can be accomplished through direct ownership of enterprises or other forms of economic planning. But private property is legal, and the majority of the economy is privately owned.

Coalitions are not common to Westminster politics as one party is likely to win a majority of seats under the first past the post system. But between 2010 and 2015 the UK was governed by a coalition between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. The House of Lords is home to 92 hereditary peers, 26 Church of England bishops who can sit there because of their position and over 700 who are nominated by political parties and appointed by the Prime Minister. The House of Lords has red benches.Realism: School of thought that emphasizes the role of the state, national interest, and military power in international relations. St. Augustine, 354–430 CE: St. Augustine was a Catholic philosopher who fused the thoughts of Plato with Catholic teachings. There is so much work involved in ruling a country, the Prime Minister needs help. Therefore he chooses MPs from the House of Commons and members of the House of Lords to be ministers. Today, 66 million people live in the United Kingdom (UK). It would be impossible to have a forum such as the one Athens to hold discussions between 66 million people every month, so there is a representative democracy in the UK. This means that citizens choose a person to speak on their behalf in a forum. Targeting seats: Examine why some seats are classified as safe, marginal or swinging, and understand how outcomes in these seats shape which party wins or loses the election.