Isolated DC-DC converters are suitable for systems grounded to a negative bus bar. Screw terminal connection points

Peripherals like PCIE and HDDs require a 12V supply rail and currents up to 100A (1.2kW). In this case, a 48V-to-12V regulated, interleaved, multiphase DC-DC converter is necessary. Charge-Pump – This converter is used for stepping the voltage up or down in applications that have low power.

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A similar version of this design solution originally appeared in Power Electronic Tips on February 04, 2021. In a system with multiple voltages, a DC-DC converter is needed to convert the main system voltage to the desired voltage. E.g. in a system with 12V leisure batteries, a DC-DC converter converts 12V to 24V to power any 24V appliances. A wide variety of types are available to suit different needs. Some DC-DC converters will step up the power, others will step down and some can do either. It's important to know the specifications of the converters being used to avoid damaging equipment. Types of DC-DC converters include:

Portable car power adaptor - the converters take the DC power that comes in from the vehicle's battery and step it down to make it usable with personal devices such as DVD players, phone connectors, CD players and more. In this high-current application, where it is important to squeeze out the last percentage point of efficiency, another card to play is the coupled inductor, in which the inductors are wound around a common magnetic core. Here, the winding orientation is such that the magnetic flux cancels out, resulting in less than a quarter of the ripple current versus four uncoupled inductors. Extremely low ripple current yields the smallest BOM and highest efficiency. 48V-to-12V DC-to-DC Controller This model is not designed to be used as a battery charger. It has an adjustable output voltage range of 10V-15V.

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The four-phase interleaved DC-to-DC converter assures ripple current and, hence, ripple voltage reduction compared to single phase. Lower output current ripple and voltage ripple means fewer capacitors are needed on the output, resulting in a smaller BOM. The four-phase architecture also requires fewer input capacitors. The total input current is the sum of the four out-of-phase currents. Here, spreading the total input current over time reduces the input current’s total RMS value, compared to a single-phase operation. This allows for a smaller input current ripple filter. Another great benefit of a four-phase converter is the fast transient response and reduced voltage overshoot/undershoot during load steps. This, in turn, means that the voltage rail powering the electronic load can be tighter, with less headroom left for transient droop, resulting in less dissipated power at the load. Non-Isolated DC-DC converters - these devices do not have any isolation between the input and output and are typically used for smaller voltages. One disadvantage is that they do not offer much protection against high electrical voltages. Inevitably it is usually a bit more complex than this because even the best fets in the world drop a little voltage and so does the inductor and under heavy load conditions the voltage will sag - this can be countered by slightly increasing the mark-space ratio. If you have really low on resistance fets and a really low resistance inductor all you need to do is set the mark space ratio to 25% and, if the input voltage varies a bit, make this mark-space ratio modifiable by the input voltage changing.

As the name implies a DC-DC converter is an electronic circuit or electromechanical device which takes a source of direct current (DC) and converts it from one voltage level to another. They are used where the operating voltage for some electronic devices vary making it necessary to provide a separate voltage for each device. Why is it necessary to convert DC to DC? Driving a device by increasing or decreasing the available input voltage prevents damage or breakdown. Battery space can also be reduced. This DC-DC converter has Tr screw terminal connection points. So, you will need to strip your input and output wires of a short length of insulation to fix them to the screwed terminal. DC-DC converter – use casesFigure 2 shows the 48V server architecture. The best strategy to power low-voltage (< 1.8V), high current loads like memories and microprocessors is to reduce the 48V down to an unregulated 12V rail. An open-loop, unregulated 4:1 switched tank converter (STC) topology enables soft-switching operation with peak efficiency in the 98% to 99% range. From here, high-efficiency 12V VR converters power the various loads. The Victron Orion-Tr 48/12-20 isolated DC-DC converter converts 48V power to 12V, so you can power 12V appliances on a 48V electrical system. This 20A model outputs up to 20A. Built-in full protection against over/under voltage input, over-current, overload, overhead, over-temperature and short circuit In a four-phase, coupled-inductor configuration, this solution yields an outstanding 97.9% peak and 97.43% full load efficiency (12V, 100A, 1.2kW), as shown in Figure 4.